Credit Score vs Credit Report: What is it, how to keep them in good standing?

A higher credit score indicates better financial discipline, making you an attractive candidate for loans, credit cards and other financial products. (Representative Image)

When managing personal finances, two terms that come up frequently are “credit score” and “credit report”. Although interconnected, they are distinct concepts with unique roles in your financial journey. Understanding their differences and keeping them in good stead can significantly influence your financial health.

What is a credit score?

A credit score is a three-digit number between 300 and 900 that is used to evaluate your creditworthiness. It is calculated based on factors like your payment history, credit utilization ratio, credit mix and the length of your credit history.

A higher score indicates better financial discipline, making you an attractive candidate for loans, credit cards and other financial products. For instance, a score above 750 is considered excellent in India, giving you access to favorable loan terms and interest rates.

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What is a credit report?

On the other hand, a credit report is a detailed document prepared by a credit bureau like CIBIL, Experian, Equifax or CRIF High Mark. It includes:

1. Personal Information: Name, PAN, Aadhaar, Date of Birth, etc.

2. Credit Accounts: Details of your credit card, loan and payment history.

3. Public Records: Any bankruptcies, tax liens, or civil judgments.

4. Credit Inquiries: A record of institutions that have checked your credit in the past.

A credit report provides a comprehensive overview of your financial behavior and serves as the basis for calculating your credit score.

Tips for keeping your credit score and report in good shape

1. Pay your bills on time

Your payment history contributes significantly to your credit score. Late payments or defaults can hurt your score and appear as a negative mark on your credit report.

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2. Keep credit utilization low

Aim to use less than 30 percent of your available credit limit. A high utilization ratio indicates financial stress and can lower your score.

3. Avoid frequent harsh inquiries

Applying for too many loans or credit cards in a short period of time leads to tough inquiries, which can hurt your score. Instead, focus on financial products that meet your needs.

4. Check your credit report regularly

Periodically review your credit report for errors or inaccuracies, such as incorrect account details or unknown transactions, and dispute them immediately.

5. Maintain a credit mix

A healthy combination of secured (home loans, car loans) and unsecured credit (credit cards, personal loans) indicates balanced financial behavior.

6. Clear the dues

Paying off unpaid balances and avoiding defaults can boost your score and ensure your credit report reflects responsible borrowing habits.

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7. Limitation on closure of old credit accounts

Old accounts contribute to the length of your credit history. Closing them can lower the average age of your accounts, which can negatively affect your credit score.

Why is it important to maintain them?

A good credit score and clean credit report opens the door to better financial opportunities, including faster loan approvals, higher credit limits and lower interest rates. Conversely, poor credit behavior may result in rejected applications or unfavorable terms.

conclusion

While a credit score provides a quick snapshot of your financial health, a credit report tells the story behind it. By understanding their differences and focusing on financial discipline, you can ensure they remain assets in your financial toolkit. Regular monitoring, timely payments and responsible credit use are key to maintaining a strong credit profile.

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